Links to those before us broaden our perspective, provide us with a sense of place in time and make us part of a larger narrative and a shared experience.
We begin to sense a tradition worth preserving and passing along to those who come after us.
Tocqueville made this point in “Democracy in America” by distinguishing between instinctive patriotism, rooted in custom and a sense of belonging based on place and personal loyalty, and reflective patriotism, based more on the opinions of free citizens, who understand their common liberties and their shared responsibilities with their fellow citizens.
This latter, more thoughtful form of patriotism, Tocqueville argued, is shaped by the exercise of individual rights within republican institutions and by what Tocqueville called “self-interest well understood.”
Indeed, one of the reasons Tocqueville admired America so much was that it bred both types of patriotism, a spirited attachment to American self-government as well as a reasoned devotion to the general principles of natural right and human liberty.
Tocqueville concluded that a patriotism in which particular loyalties and universal purposes reinforce each other was the source of the community bond and national cohesion needed to perpetuate democratic societies.
Without patriotism — instinctive patriotism for sure, but especially reflective patriotism — democratic peoples would become preoccupied with narrow, private concerns and come to neglect their civic duties.
The result is social division and civic apathy, as formerly self-governing citizens become themselves passive subjects in a modern, impersonal nation-state.
Without this dual patriotism of both the heart and the head, America’s thriving republic, Tocqueville famously warned, would be overtaken by a new form of democratic despotism that flattens the human spirit.
Today, patriotism is often misunderstood and criticized as an unthinking allegiance to chauvinistic urges.
Yet it is a love of country that is thoughtful as well as passionate — not “the impostures of pretended patriotism” Washington warned us against — that stands confident against the cultural relativism that plagues our society and undermines the defense of liberty by its disingenuous embrace and tendency toward despotic self-assertion.
Patriotism, rightly understood, has always been the civic antidote to what C. S. Lewis called “the poison of subjectivism.” //
Having rejected the Old World’s rule of accident and force in favor of government by reflection and choice, the Founders understood education — heretofore an elite privilege of the upper class and often a tool of state control — to take on a new civic role in service to popular government.
In a republican regime, built on equal rights and the consent of the governed, education not only shapes the private character that allows the individual to govern the self but also imparts the principles necessary for those individuals to practice the arts of self-government.
The student is transformed into the citizen through the expansion and deepening of the natural attachments as well as the cultivation of the civic knowledge necessary to perpetuate free government.
“The Education of youth is, in all governments, an object of the first consequence,” Noah Webster wrote in opening his 1788 essay on the topic. “The impressions received in early life, usually form the characters of individuals; a union of which forms the general character of a nation.” //
Education begins at home, when the habits and manners are established, first by parents, who have the primary responsibility for the upbringing of their children, and then by family, church, community and the first lessons of early instruction.
Like in the great nations of Europe, Webster maintained the formal educational system to be adopted and pursued in America should focus on the foundations of knowledge: reading, writing and arithmetic, as well as a basic understanding of the sciences and the outlines of geography and history.
But in republican America, Webster argued popular education must also “implant, in the minds of the American youth, the principles of virtue and of liberty; and inspire them with just and liberal ideas of government, and with an inviolable attachment to their own country.”
At a young age, this inculcation was especially to be done by teaching history: “every child in America should be acquainted with his own country. He should read books that furnish him with ideas that will be useful to him in life and practice. As soon as he opens his lips, he should rehearse the history of his own country; he should lisp the praise of liberty, and of those illustrious heroes and statesmen, who have wrought a revolution in her favor.”
Thomas Jefferson and James Madison concurred in a report they authored as commissioners of the University of Virginia.
Beyond improving the faculties and morals, the objects of a general education should be for the student “to understand his duties to his neighbors and country, and to discharge with competence the functions confided to him by either,” and “to instruct the mass of our citizens in these, their rights, interests and duties, as men and citizens.”
The objects of “the higher branches of education” — the colleges and universities scattered around the country — were “to develop the reasoning faculties of our youth, enlarge their minds, cultivate their morals, and instill into them the precepts of virtue and order” and “to form them to habits of reflection and correct action, rendering them examples of virtue to others, and of happiness within themselves.”
American higher education should “form the statesmen, legislators and judges, on whom public prosperity and individual happiness are so much to depend.”
Colleges and universities, too, had an obligation to make good citizens.
And the document around which this citizen education was to be constructed, the creed of America’s civic life and political identity, its temporal scripture and its epic poetry, was the Declaration of Independence.
The Declaration is the defining act of the great drama that is the American founding.
When Jefferson and Madison outlined an educational curriculum with “especial attention to the principles of government which shall be inculcated therein,” their first reading was the Declaration, which Jefferson called “an expression of the American mind.”
It is what the ancients described as the prelude to the laws, meant to define the regime and animate what is to come.
Although a “merely revolutionary document,” the Declaration of Independence contains, as Abraham Lincoln wrote on the eve of Civil War, “an abstract truth, applicable to all men and all times,” put there “that today, and in all coming days, it shall be a rebuke and a stumbling-block to the very harbingers of re-appearing tyranny and oppression.”
Lincoln also said once that public opinion “always has a ‘central idea,’ from which all its minor thoughts radiate.”
America’s central idea is the Declaration, and everything else radiates from that. //
By defining our common loves — our native country and our common commitment to republican government based on equal rights, political liberty and the consent of the governed — the Declaration unites our hearts and our minds in a civic friendship of enlightened patriotism.
We must know the Declaration if we truly are to love America.
From the new book “The Making of the American Mind: The Story of our Declaration of Independence.”
The dress was a 2015 online viral phenomenon centred on a photograph of a dress. Viewers disagreed on whether the dress was blue and black, or white and gold. The phenomenon revealed differences in human colour perception and became the subject of scientific investigations into neuroscience and vision science.
The phenomenon originated in a photograph of a dress posted on the social networking platform Facebook. The dress was black and blue, but the conditions of the photograph caused many to perceive it as white and gold, creating debate. Within a week, more than ten million tweets had mentioned the dress. The retailer of the dress, Roman Originals, reported a surge in sales and produced a one-off version in white and gold sold for charity.
This comic shows two drawings of a woman wearing the same dress, but with different background (and body) colors. The two drawings are split with a narrow vertical portion of an image from the web.
The comic strip refers to a dress whose image went viral on Tumblr only hours before the strip was posted and soon showed up also on Reddit, Twitter, Wired and on The New York Times.
Due to the dress's particular color scheme and the exposure of the photo, it forms an optical illusion causing viewers to disagree on what color the dress actually seems to be. The xkcd strip sandwiches a cropped segment of the photographed dress between two drawings which use the colors from the image against different backgrounds, leading the eye to interpret the white balance differently, demonstrating how the dress can appear different colors depending on context and the viewer's previous experiences.
Both dresses have exactly the same colors actually: //
To the uninitiated, the color of the dress seems immediately obvious; when others cannot see it their way, it can be a surreal (even uncomfortable) experience.
As an aside, the retailer Roman Originals would later confirm the dress was blue with black lace, and that a white dress with gold lace was not offered among the clothing line.
We've learned a lot from the viral image.
The viral image holds a lesson in why people disagree—and how we can learn to better understand each other.
It was not a tranquil time. People argued with their friends about the very basics of reality. Spouses vehemently disagreed. Each and every person was on one side or the other side. It could be hard to imagine how anyone in their right mind could hold an opinion different from your own.
I’m talking, of course, about “the dress,” which went viral on Feb. 26, 2015. To recap: A cellphone picture of a wedding guest’s dress, uploaded to the internet, sharply divided people into those who saw it as white and gold and those who saw it in black and blue—even if they were viewing it together, on the very same computer or phone screen.
The notorious dress, under natural lighting conditions, is unambiguously black and blue, for (almost) everyone who saw it in person, or in other photographs. It was just the one image, snapped by a mother of a bride and uploaded to Tumblr by one of her daughter’s friends, that caused so much disagreement. How can it be that there is such strong consensus about the colors of the actual dress, but such striking disagreements about its colors in this particular image? This is not a debate about people seeing different shades of gray: blue and gold are categorically different colors, not even in the same neighborhood on the color wheel.
A better explanation is that DOGE is functioning as a stress test of the federal bureaucracy.
Stress tests are not designed to produce immediate, permanent fixes. They are designed to apply pressure and observe outcomes: where systems bend, where they break, where they resist, and where supposed constraints turn out to be optional once incentives change. It is a drive to gather data, not repair issues.
Under this model, efficiency gains are not the primary goal. They are signal, evidence of latent capacity revealed under load. Resistance, delay, panic, and narrative hostility are also signal. They show where authority actually resides and which processes exist because they are necessary, versus merely habitual.
The Social Security Administration results fit this model precisely. When pressure was applied, performance improved quickly and measurably. That does not prove the system is now permanently fixed. It shows something more revealing: The capacity was there all along. //
This interpretation aligns closely with how Elon Musk has repeatedly operated across very different domains.
Musk does not treat institutions as abstract ideals. Thinking like an engineer, he treats them as systems that must be tested under real conditions. His approach favors empirical stress over theoretical reassurance and exposure over simulation.
One of the clearest expressions of this philosophy is SpaceX’s use of the acronym RUD, “rapid unscheduled disassembly,” referred to by most people as a big old explosion. Rockets are pushed until they fail. Failure is not an embarrassment, but rather a valuable data collection moment. Each breakdown reveals load-bearing assumptions that no white paper can surface.
The goal is not to avoid failure at all costs. The goal is to fail fast enough, visibly enough, to learn where the system’s true limits are, and to learn it quickly.
Viewed through this lens, DOGE’s behavior becomes coherent. //
From a stress-test perspective, controversy is not proof of failure. It is proof that pressure reached something structural.
Luke does not say Mary and Joseph were turned away. He says the guest room was already full. //
So when Luke tells us that the child was laid in a manger, he is likely not moving the story into a detached stable. He is describing a practical detail within a lived-in household. The scene remains humble, but it is no longer marginal. It is domestic, crowded, and human. //
Seen this way, Mary was not relegated to a stable because there was “no room.” She was placed where birth customarily happened, in a space set apart for dangerous, necessary, and sacred work, surrounded by competent women.
Once the household is understood as full, the courtyard as a customary birth space, and women as the necessary attendants, the setting of the Nativity no longer appears improvised. It appears normal. //
Nothing in Luke requires the manger to be symbolic in the moment. It is enough that it is specific. The sign given to the shepherds works because it is ordinary and recognizable.
Later Christians could not help noticing the resonance: the Lamb of God first laid where animals were fed and protected. Luke does not spell this out. The meaning emerges over time, once the whole story is known. //
The Nativity is populated almost entirely by liminal figures — people who live and work at boundaries.
Women attend the birth because childbirth itself is liminal, poised between life and death. Shepherds receive the announcement because they live between settled society and wilderness, handling blood, birth, injury, and loss as part of daily life. They are neither elites nor outsiders, but something in between, ritually ambiguous, socially peripheral, and practically indispensable.
The Magi arrive later, and for a different reason. They are not guardians of fragile life, but boundary-crossers between cultures and nations. They do not belong at a birth, but at a recognition.
The shepherds witness the child’s arrival into life; the Magi recognize his meaning for the world. One belongs at a birth. The other belongs at a throne.
This is not accidental staging. Liminal moments require liminal witnesses, people accustomed to ambiguity, risk, and transition. The story does not begin in palaces or temples because it is not about maintaining established power. It is about the arrival of someone who will cross boundaries without destroying them.
Jesus himself is the ultimate boundary figure: fully human and fully divine; clean, yet willing to touch the unclean; alive yet destined to pass through death. From the beginning, his life occupies contested space.
Christmas and the Restoration of Order
This pattern of thresholds and careful crossings is not an innovation introduced at Christmas. It is a restoration.
The opening chapters of Genesis describe a world ordered by distinction rather than domination. Creation unfolds through separations: light from darkness, land from sea, heaven from earth. These boundaries are not barriers. They are the conditions that make life possible. //
The Incarnation does not abandon the human order. It inhabits it fully, dangerously, and honestly. God enters the world where life has always entered it: through women, within households, surrounded by risk and love, attended by those who know how to guard what is fragile.
When Christmas is seen this way, nothing essential is lost but much is restored. The story becomes larger, more human, and more demanding, and in that fullness, more joyful than the thin version we repeat by rote.
On Christmas morning, General Washington issued orders that the Continental Army was going across that river to kick some Hessian butts. He ordered rations cooked for three days, fresh flints to be put in every musket, and he also ordered that even the musicians and officers were to arm themselves, not with the usual swords and pistols, but with muskets. The Continental Army was betting everything. Bear in mind that in 1776, most of these men couldn't even swim; further, when this happened, the North American continent was in the throes of the Little Ice Age.
General Washington crossed with the first wave. He was leading his men, as a good commander should. By daybreak, the crossing was complete. //
When it was all over, the Hessians had suffered 22 killed, including the commander, Colonel Johann Rall, along with 83 wounded and almost 900 captured. The Americans suffered two killed and five wounded. By noon on the 26th, Washington's forces, with the Hessian prisoners, had crossed safely back across the Delaware into Pennsylvania.
Historian David Hackett Fischer later wrote of this event:
Until Washington crossed the Delaware, the triumph of the old order seemed inevitable. Thereafter, things would never be the same again.
Unlike the battle of Midway, the attack on Trenton wasn't the turning point - but it was a turning point. After Trenton, after that nighttime crossing of an icy river, in the depths of one of the coldest winters in written history, American determination and capability were never again in doubt. General Washington had established himself as a dangerous foe to the British, ... //
We're Americans. If you mess with us, we will cross a frozen river at night to kill you in your sleep. On Christmas.
Fulton County, Georgia, recently made an admission that should have commanded national attention. During a hearing before the Georgia State Election Board, county officials acknowledged that approximately 315,000 early ballots cast in the 2020 presidential election were unlawfully certified yet were nonetheless included in Georgia’s final, official results, in a race Joe Biden was officially declared to have won by just 11,779 votes.
The admission arose from a challenge filed by David Cross, an election integrity activist, who alleged that Fulton County violated Georgia election law in its handling of early voting. Under state statute, each ballot scanner is required to produce tabulation tapes at the close of voting, and poll workers must sign those tapes to certify the reported totals. These signed tapes are not merely an administrative safeguard. They are central to determining whether the vote count itself is legitimate. //
But even as the man accused of attacking democracy for questioning the process has now been vindicated on a central factual point, the people and institutions that failed to follow the law have faced no consequences.
The fact that President Trump ultimately won reelection does not undo what was done in Georgia. Accountability is not contingent on electoral reversal. It is contingent on whether the law still binds those who administer elections, and whether violations of that law still matter once the political moment has passed.
If nothing comes of Fulton County’s admission, the implication will be that election laws can be treated as optional rather than binding. Lawful certification will remain a matter of convenience instead of necessity. Future officials will understand that essential checks on the integrity of the vote can be ignored so long as the results are politically convenient.
Even more troubling, inaction would validate a deeper inversion of responsibility. The individual who raised concerns was punished, while the institutions that failed to follow the law remain protected.
Cross, whose persistence brought these revelations to light, has asked the State Election Board to decertify Fulton County’s 2020 advanced voting results for the historical record. His request is not aimed at changing past outcomes. We cannot undo the fact that for four years Joe Biden was president. But an official acknowledgment that Fulton County’s vote certification, and by extension the Georgia outcome, was invalid would place a permanent mark on the deliberate misconduct of those responsible and the institutional failure that enabled it, while reinforcing the principle that election law is not optional.
Despite our march toward electronic money, an important message is still jingling in pockets across America, “E pluribus unum.” The Latin phrase stamped on coins and bills means “Out of many, one.” It was coined in 1776 for the original design of the Great Seal of the United States. The Founding Fathers wanted to underscore the 13 colonies that came together as a single nation. Since then, it has come to include many different people forming one nation.
It is a concept so important that in the Coinage Act of 1873, Congress required “E pluribus unum” be inscribed on every coin, along with “In God We Trust.” We should take these mottos seriously.
An AI-generated Christian artist named Solomon Ray has taken the gospel music world by storm after topping the iTunes and Billboard charts with his album “Faithful Soul.”
Described as a “Mississippi-made soul singer carrying a Southern soul revival into the present” on his Spotify profile, Ray made waves after releasing the five-song EP on Nov. 7. //
“At minimum, AI does not have the Holy Spirit inside of it,” Frank, 30, said. “So I think that it’s really weird to be opening up your spirit to something that has no spirit.”
Townsend later fired back in an Instagram video of his own.
“This is an extension of my creativity, so therefore to me it’s art,” Townsend said following the backlash against his AI creation. “It’s definitely inspired by a Christian. It may not be performed by one, but I don’t know why that really matters in the end.” //
“There’s something in the high end of the vocals that gives it away,” he said, according to Christianity Today. “And the creative choices sound like AI. It’s so precise that it’s clear no creative choices are really being made.”
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“How much of your heart are you pouring into this?” he added. “If you’re having AI generate it for you, the answer is zero. God wants costly worship.”
The nationwide murder rate fell dramatically in 2025 — in what’s likely the largest single-year drop ever recorded, according to new crime data. //
The positive trend includes a more than 20% decline in New York City, a 28% drop in Chicago and a nearly 28% plunge in Washington, DC, where President Trump oversaw a massive crime crackdown.
Rhabdomyolysis, often shortened to rhabdo, is a condition in which your muscles get damaged and break down, which can lead to muscle death.
That muscle death releases toxins into the body, which can cause kidney damage.
There are lots of potential causes, including medications like statins, antidepressants and antivirals. It can also happen as a result to dehydration and overheating, drug abuse, certain underlying medical conditions, injury or trauma. //
But becoming more common is exertional rhabdo, which is caused by high-intensity exercise like marathons, CrossFit and yes, spinning. It’s especially a threat for people attempting these tough workouts with inadequate training, or those who push themselves too hard.
And spinning might just be the worst culprit. One 2021 study found that people who suffered exertional rhabdo caused by spinning actually had more severe cases than those who had exertional rhabdo from other causes.
The study authors also noted that the condition predominantly strikes young, healthy women — and wanting to keep up with your fellow SoulCyclers could be increasing your risk. //
Top symptoms to look out for are the “classic triad” of muscle pain, muscle weakness and dark urine the color of tea or cola.
But not everyone gets all three symptoms — in fact, only about 10% of people with rhabdo only experience one or two, according to the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Other potential symptoms include fever, nausea, vomiting, malaise, dehydration, infrequent urination, confusion and loss of consciousness. //
if you do spin class, make sure to properly hydrate, avoid any medications or supplements that can increase your risk, and gradually build up exercise volume and intensity.
Macaulay Culkin just wanted to stay home alone.
The actor, 45, revealed why he decided to step away from acting in 1994 after starring in the holiday classic “Home Alone” in 1990 and its 1992 sequel, “Home Alone 2: Lost in New York.”
“What I wanted is to be with people my own age. You have to remember: a lot of the stuff I did when I was a kid … I’m not doing ensembles. It’s me,” Culkin shared while appearing on Mythical Kitchen. //
In 1994, the child star led the family comedy “Richie Rich,” about a boy who has everything in the world except friends.
Afterwards, Culkin had the urge for a more normal lifestyle.
“I wanted to go out and I wanted to date girls, and I wanted to hang out with people my own age. I wanted to, you know, go to a party,” he detailed. “I wanted to do those kind of things. I can’t tell you how many bar mitzvahs I missed.”
Leontovych lived in Pokrovsk during the first years of the 20th century, and it was there he began to make a name for himself as a composer while teaching music and running a local choir.
And it was around that time that he repurposed a local folk tune to write Carol of the Bells — then called Shchedryk — and after World War I it became the anthem of Ukrainian nationalists hoping to gain independence from Russia, which had controlled the country’s people for centuries. //
“Shchedryk, which was a hit and always played as an encore, enchanted Europe and America, and helped Ukrainians to declare their nation and state to the world,” said author Anatoliy Paladiychuk.
But Leontovych paid dearly for his defiance of the Russian yoke.
After the Bolsheviks retook swaths of Ukraine during the Russian Civil War, he was tracked down by Soviet agents and murdered in a 1921 assassination that was covered up until the 1990s.
Practical steps to make an aging operating system usable into 2026
Part 1 You can switch to running mostly FOSS without switching to Linux. First, though, give your OS a bit of TLC. We'll come back to what to do next in part two. //
Before you begin, you should grab a copy of Snappy Driver Installer Origin and put it on a clean, empty USB key. Then run it, directly on the new key, and tell it to download all its driver packs. SDIO is the only driver-installer tool we trust and recommend. Don't pay for any alternative: indeed, we suggest you avoid anything else. SDIO is big – it takes quite a few gigabytes with all the driver packs or more – and takes a long time to download all the drivers, but it does the job. We've found it helpful from Windows XP all the way up to Windows 10.
Next, get a clean version of Windows. If you have the license key, you're all set. If you don't have your license key, then you can extract it from the running copy of Windows with Nirsoft ProduKey.
However, if you are willing to change versions, we suggest switching to Windows 10 LTSC. As we explained back in August, the Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2021 edition will get updates until 2027, and if you don't mind using US English, it'll last until 2032. As an added bonus, it's remarkably uncluttered – it doesn't even have the Windows Store, and so no "Modern" applications. Aside from Notepad, there's very little there at all, which is just how we like it. //
11 hrs
Liam Proven(Written by Reg staff) Silver badge
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Re: Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2021 edition?
This doesn't work on machines running Windows 10 Home though, does it?
Yes it does.
Read ALL OF https://massgrave.dev/ carefully. It is not a large site. //
11 hrs
Anonymous Coward
Anonymous Coward
The trick I find is to simply keep them offline (from installation, onwards).
This doesn't mean you can't use them to connect to the internet, but the OS as a whole must never be online. What I mean by this is i.e SOCKS5h proxy which only Firefox knows about. //
hrs
Jou (Mxyzptlk)Silver badge
Thanks for the article!
Snappy Driver and Ventoy were unknown to me, never needed them, but good to know and have those tools at hand.
As for my usual 10th-bazillion times repeated hint: Server 2022 and 2025, keys which activate are cheap, or use your favourite graveyard tool. Does not need a hacked-installer to not-annoy you. And has some nice features. like dedup, or setting a quota in a directory, or limit the file type / sizes, disconnected RDP sessions don't stop like on workstation Windows, they just work on, SMB Bandwidth control (nice for LAN parties, 'cause your game play is more important than those copy jobs). Well, and that's it, the rest of the server features/capabilities/roles are too esoteric for a workstaton install, or are already the same on normal Windows, except mins the crap you get on normal Windows.
If you want to install something from the store (manually, without account, like the Windows-Camera) or need bluetooth audio (read, never tested self on S2022) you are better off with Server 2025.
And you get updates long enough
Urban VPN Proxy targets conversations across ten AI platforms: ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, Perplexity, DeepSeek, Grok (xAI), Meta AI.
For each platform, the extension includes a dedicated “executor” script designed to intercept and capture conversations. The harvesting is enabled by default through hardcoded flags in the extension’s configuration.
There is no user-facing toggle to disable this. The only way to stop the data collection is to uninstall the extension entirely.
[…]
The data collection operates independently of the VPN functionality. Whether the VPN is connected or not, the harvesting runs continuously in the background.
Which Years Have the Same Calendar?
Reuse your yearly calendar by finding years that have the same number of days and start on the same day of the week.
Repeats every 6, 11, or 12 years
Sick of AI summaries? Here's how to remove AI from Google and get back classic search - on desktop and mobile.
Hayek was asked to leave “a statement for the future generations.” His response is brilliant:
“Modern civilization which enables us to maintain 4 billion people was made possible by the institution of private property. It is only thanks to this institution that we achieved an extensive order far exceeding anybody’s knowledge.”
“If you destroy that moral basis, which consists in the recognition of private property, we will destroy the sources which nourish present-day mankind, and create a catastrophe of starvation beyond anything mankind has yet experienced.” //
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“Those who founded the United States of America, and wrote the Constitution, saw property rights as essential for safeguarding all other rights.”
— Thomas Sowell
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The real problem with Humanity is this-
We have Stone-Age Emotions, medieval Institutions, and Godlike technology.
And it is terrifically dangerous, and it is now approaching a point of crisis overall.
-- Edward Wilson
But ZFS also comes with an uncomfortable truth that doesn't get talked about enough: the filesystem is only as good as the operating system wrapping it. And if you're running ZFS on a generic Linux distribution, you're often signing up for more risk, maintenance, and subtle breakage than you expect. ZFS works on Linux, and many use it daily, but it's not a seamless, built-in part of the kernel. Instead, it's an add-on with caveats, and setting it up can feel frustratingly difficult. //
The problem with ZFS is Oracle
Licensing is a major issue
the Linux kernel's GPLv2 license is legally incompatible with ZFS's CDDL license, meaning that it can't be combined with the Linux kernel. Oracle's licensing is the major bottleneck.