What is Radiation Dose?
When people talk about dose, they're usually using sieverts (or rem, if in the US). Sieverts (Sv) are best used for external doses, like say the dose you receive from a giant hunk of radioactive cobalt across the room.
To understand sieverts, you should first understand grays (US equivalent: rad). 1 gray is equal to 1 Joule of energy per kilogram of matter. Energy/matter provides an idea of how much effect the radiation has, scaled for the size of whatever it's hitting. Sieverts include a quality factor in order to take into account the biological effect of the radiation (1 Sv = 1 Gy*quality factor). Alpha particles have a quality factor of 20, because they deposit all their energy in a small area. Gamma rays and beta particles have a quality factor of 1, because their energy is more spread out, meaning the tissues struck by gamma rays are more likely to recover. So, while different types of radiation have different effects, 1 Sv of alphas is equivalent to 1 Sv of gammas.
Contamination is a little different from radiation. Radiation consists of tiny invisible particles, the largest of which is the size of a helium nucleus. Contamination consists of actual atoms or molecules, and is best understood as "radioactive stuff wherever we don't want it". It is usually expressed in terms of counts per minute (cpm) or decays per minute (dpm), and can be separated into "removable" and "fixed", which are exactly what they sound like. Counts per minute are what you see on your geiger counter. Dpm is just cpm corrected for the efficiency of the detector (about 10% on your average geiger counter, should be calculated when the meter is calibrated). At the Reed Reactor, we consider something "contaminated" and in need of cleaning when it's reading 1000 dpm per 100 square centimeters.
The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is the primary federal agency responsible for promulgating regulations and policies to protect people and the environment from ionizing radiation. Currently, the USEPA uses the linear no-threshold (LNT) model to estimate cancer risks and determine cleanup levels in radiologically contaminated environments. The LNT model implies that there is no safe dose of ionizing radiation; however, adverse effects from low dose, low-dose rate (LDDR) exposures are not detectable. This article (1) provides the scientific basis for discontinuing use of the LNT model in LDDR radiation environments, (2) shows that there is no scientific consensus for using the LNT model, (3) identifies USEPA reliance on outdated scientific information, and (4) identifies regulatory reliance on incomplete evaluations of recent data contradicting the LNT. It is the time to reconsider the use of the LNT model in LDDR radiation environments.
The conventional approach for radiation protection is based on the ICRP's linear, no threshold (LNT) model of radiation carcinogenesis, which implies that ionizing radiation is always harmful, no matter how small the dose. But a different approach can be derived from the observed health effects of the serendipitous contamination of 1700 apartments in Taiwan with cobalt-60 (T1/2 = 5.3 y). This experience indicates that chronic exposure of the whole body to low-dose-rate radiation, even accumulated to a high annual dose, may be beneficial to human health. Approximately 10,000 people occupied these buildings and received an average radiation dose of 0.4 Sv, unknowingly, during a 9–20 year period. They did not suffer a higher incidence of cancer mortality, as the LNT theory would predict. On the contrary, the incidence of cancer deaths in this population was greatly reduced—to about 3 per cent of the incidence of spontaneous cancer death in the general Taiwan public. In addition, the incidence of congenital malformations was also reduced—to about 7 per cent of the incidence in the general public. //
Note that there are different types of ionizing radiation; the “sievert” unit quantifies the degree to which each type (gamma rays, alpha particles, etc) affects the body. You can learn more from my sources list. If you’re looking for expert updates on the nuclear situation, try the MIT NSE Hub. Ellen’s page on radiation is here.
Can the SoundBridge/SoundBridge Radio play Internet Radio?
What Internet Radio formats can SoundBridge/SoundBridge Radio play?
The following HTTP-streamed formats are currently supported:
- MP3 streams (usually ending in .pls or .m3u)
- WMA streams (usually ending in .asx). You will need the 2.5 software installed on the SoundBridge to play these back.
There is preliminary support for the following stream format on most SoundBridge models:
- AAC+ streams
The following stream formats are not currently supported:
- Real streams (usually ending in .ram)
https://web.archive.org/web/20230208194929/https://www.roku.com/products/soundbridge
SoundBridge Radio Static IP Assignment
telnet xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx 4444
ipset- A for Automatic (DHCP)
- M for Manual – enter IP Address, Subnet Mask, Gateway, DNS Server 1 and 2
https://web.archive.org/web/20201024091154/https://soundbridge.roku.com/support/static_ip.php
This document explains the concept of a Preset, which was introduced in SoundBridge software version 2.5. It is intended to supplement the SoundBridge User’s Guide and the SoundBridge Radio User’s Guide, which may cover this information in greater detail. The latest versions of the User's Guides are available online here. //
https://web.archive.org/web/20101218051403/http://soundbridge.roku.com/support/preset.php
The Bricklayer: Trying To Do The Job Alone
Dear Sir:
I am writing in response to your request for additional information for my insurance claim. In block number three of the accident claim form I wrote, “trying to do the job alone” as the cause of my accident. You said in your letter that I should explain that statement more fully. I trust the following details will be sufficient.
I am a bricklayer by trade. On the date of the accident, I was working alone on the roof of a new six-story building. When I completed my work I discovered that I had about 500 pounds of brick left over. Rather than carrying the bricks down by hand, I decided to lower them in a barrel by using a pulley which was attached to the side of the building at the sixth-floor level.
Securing the rope at ground level, I went up to the roof, swung the barrel out, and loaded the bricks into it. Then I went back to the ground and untied the rope, holding it tightly to insure a slow descent of the 500 pounds of bricks. You will note in block number 22 of the claim form that my weight is 150 pounds.
Due to my surprise at being jerked off the ground so suddenly, I lost my presence of mind and forgot to let go of the rope. Needless to say, I proceeded up the side of the building at a very rapid rate of speed.
In the vicinity of the third floor, I met the barrel coming down. This explains my fractured skull and collarbone. Slowed only slightly, I continued my rapid ascent, not stopping until the fingers of my right hand were two knuckles deep into the pulley.
By this time, I had regained my presence of mind and was able to hold tightly to the rope in spite of my pain. At approximately the same time however, the barrel of bricks hit the ground and the bottom fell out of the barrel. Devoid of the weight of the bricks, the barrel then weighed approximately 50 pounds.
I refer you again to the information in block number 11 regarding my weight. As you might imagine, I began a rapid descent down the side of the building. In the vicinity of the third floor, I met the barrel coming up. This accounts for the two fractured ankles and the lacerations of my legs and lower body.
This second encounter with the barrel slowed me enough to lessen my injuries when I fell onto the pile of bricks, and fortunately, only three vertebrae were cracked.
I am sorry to report, however, that as I lay there on the bricks in pain, unable to stand, and watching the empty barrel six stories above me, I again lost my presence of mind, and let go of the rope. The empty barrel weighed more than the rope so it came down upon me and broke both of my legs.
I hope I have furnished information sufficient to explain why “trying to do the job alone” was the stated cause of the accident.
Sincerely,
A Bricklayer
(Author Unknown)
August 30
Jesus Christ says, in effect, Don’t rejoice in successful service, but rejoice because you are rightly related to Me. The snare in Christian work is to rejoice in successful service, to rejoice in the fact that God has used you. You never can measure what God will do through you if you are rightly related to Jesus Christ. //
The tendency to-day is to put the emphasis on service. Beware of the people who make usefulness their ground of appeal. If you make usefulness the test, then Jesus Christ was the greatest failure that ever lived. The lodestar of the saint is God Himself, not estimated usefulness. It is the work that God does through us that counts, not what we do for Him.
October 17
Prayer does not fit us for the greater works; prayer is the greater work. We think of prayer as a commonsense exercise of our higher powers in order to prepare us for God’s work. In the teaching of Jesus Christ prayer is the working of the miracle of Redemption in me which produces the miracle of Redemption in others by the power of God. //
Prayer is the battle; it is a matter of indifference where you are. Whichever way God engineers circumstances, the duty is to pray. Never allow the thought — “I am of no use where I am”; because you certainly can be of no use where you are not. Wherever God has dumped you down in circumstances, pray to Him all the time. //
There is nothing thrilling about a labouring man’s work, but it is the labouring man who makes the conceptions of the genius possible; and it is the labouring saint who makes the conceptions of his Master possible. You labour at prayer and results happen all the time from His standpoint.
October 19
The great enemy to the Lord Jesus Christ in the present day is the conception of practical work that has not come from the New Testament, but from the Systems of the world in which endless energy and activities are insisted upon, but no private life with God. The emphasis is put on the wrong thing. //
The central thing about the kingdom of Jesus Christ is a personal relationship to Himself, not public usefulness to men.
That Biden is now saying it out loud is more evidence that his attempt to court the radicals in Dearborn has backfired.
Now what? My general feeling is that it's too late. Biden's political fortunes continue to collapse precisely because he's an indecisive, weak leader whose first instinct is to capitulate to crying Islamists. That he's now trying to do a gentle backtrack is not fooling anyone. He's typecasted at this point, and he better hope Israel eliminates Hamas sooner rather than later because if this festers too much longer, it's only going to get worse for him.
The Bricklayer: Trying To Do The Job Alone
Dear Sir:
I am writing in response to your request for additional information for my insurance claim. In block number three of the accident claim form I wrote, “trying to do the job alone” as the cause of my accident. You said in your letter that I should explain that statement more fully. I trust the following details will be sufficient.
The proposed rule, aiming to transition 50 percent of vocational vehicles, 35 percent of new short-haul regional tractors, and 25 percent of new long-haul trucks to zero emissions by 2032, called for over 40 percent of all heavy-duty trucks to be emissions-free.
Under the finalized rule, approximately 30 percent of heavy-heavy-duty vocational trucks and 40 percent of regional day cabs are mandated to be zero-emission by 2032. //
That leads to the problem of charging infrastructure. The establishment of a comprehensive and widely accessible charging infrastructure tailored to the unique needs of EV trucks will require an entirely new network distinct from existing trucking options and from those of passenger vehicles. //
A report by the Clean Freight Coalition (CFC) highlights the monumental challenge of electrifying the U.S. commercial truck fleet, estimating nearly $1 trillion in infrastructure investment alone. This investment includes over $620 billion from the trucking industry for chargers, site infrastructure, and electric service upgrades. However, the trillion-dollar figure does not encompass the cost of new battery-electric trucks, which can be two to three times more expensive than diesel counterparts.
Hirsch failed his Kobayashi Maru test. //
Zenit2008
5 hours ago
That the scammer used the name "Kobayashi" should have been a dead giveaway. Kobayashi Maru has been synonymous with "no-win situation" for >40 years.
Simon Ateba
@simonateba
·
Follow
Ahead of Michael Cohen’s testimony against Trump Monday, @CNN legal analyst says, “I’ve never seen a witness who’s lied to Congress, who’s lied to court, who’s lied to the IRS, who’s lied to the Southern District of New York, who lied to his banker.” WATCH
3:49 PM · May 10, 2024 //
GBenton
10 hours ago
Alvin Bragg's running the biggest bluff in history and he's got nothing. I can see why they didn't want this case to go first. Between that lying harlot and Cohen and the judges disgraceful gag order and allowing reversable errors, they're boosting Trump's cred with the voters and possibly heading for an aquittal since at least two of the jurors are lawyers and know that this is a sh1tshow from top to bottom - not to mention there is no crime and Bragg has no jurisdiction to prosecute federal crimes.
I think Bonchie's hunch might be right. Hung jury or found not guilty since this case was NEVER ready for prime time and they just wanted to bloody up Trump with salacious nonsense like the Billy Bush tapes.
Florida case, toast. GA case, not likely to happen before the election. DC case - Gonna call it now, Supremes either send it back to the lower courts and it doesn't happen before the election or they rule he's got enough immunity to void that case outright.
And Trump is vindicated -- Jack Smith gets charged for his shenanigans and Biden destroys the Dem party by proving Trump right that the system is totally corrupt.
That's what it looks like right now. Far cry from what the Dems probably thought -- I think their goose was cooked when fatass James didn't bankrupt Trump with her fake fraud case and instead he's billions richer, lol.
Thomas… described Washington as a place where “people pride themselves in being awful.”
“It is a hideous place as far as I’m concerned,” Thomas said.
“It’s one of the reasons we like RVing,” he added. “You get to be around regular people who don’t pride themselves in doing harmful things merely because they have the capacity to do it or because they disagree.”
Thomas should know—he was at the center of the Anita Hill fiasco—overseen by then-Senate Judiciary Committee chairman Joe Biden—where he was subjected to evidence-free, humiliating claims of sexual harassment during his SCOTUS confirmation hearings in 1991. Biden not surprisingly—in a preview of what has befallen us—utterly failed to control the proceedings, and they became a national embarrassment that decades later led to the equally clownish Brett Kavanaugh confirmation process.
The message Biden is sending here is that it's willing to abandon one of its greatest allies at the 11th hour in a war it had no choice but to fight, abandon American hostages, and abandon any sense that America is serious about eliminating its enemies and punishing those who would dare harm its people.
Biden has not only made us look weak, he's made us look untrustworthy. If ever our allies are in need, Biden has told them that we'll buckle if the going looks like it's going to get a little too tough.
Moreover, this isn't just a message sent to our allies, this is a message sent to our enemies. We just told them that America will fold under the right circumstances. The tiger is made of paper.
Biden, and his handlers, have to go. Not just because he's severely mucked things up here in the States, but because it's clear that he poses a clear danger to the international community.
So not only is he threatening them by holding up weapons, he's providing weapons to their enemies, including Lebanon where they have Iran terror proxies who are even now attacking Israel.