The world of Linux is a vast one. Everyone in the tech world has at least come in contact with Linux, but not always FreeBSD. Join us on a journey of discovery from Linux to FreeBSD
When it comes to choosing a firewall technology for your operating system, the options can be overwhelming. This is particularly true for Linux and FreeBSD, which offer multiple choices. In this article, we’ll take a closer look at four of the most popular firewall options for both systems: iptables, nftables, ipfw, and pf, to help you make an informed decision.
So here’s our contribution to the effort, this article is essentially your four-way comparison of iptables, nftables, IPFW and PF
Extended Long Term Support for Debian
Freexian extends security support for old Debian releases up to 10 years, albeit only on the subset of packages used by the customers of this service. Click here to learn more.
The Linux Foundation has released their 2023 Annual Report... and it is an absolute doozy.
The first big headline?
As of 2023, The Linux Foundation now spends just 2% -- that's two percent -- of their revenue on their namesake: The Linux Kernel. //
Your eyes do not deceive you.
- Linux : 2%
- Blockchain : 4%
- A.I. : 12%
While it's true that The Linux Foundaiton continues to grow substantially -- now bringing in over a quarter of a Billion dollars per year (seriously) -- the total amount spent on the Linux kernel dropped roughly $400,000 in 2023. (Not surprising as The Lunduke Journal previously pointed out that lowering the total support of Linux appeared to be the goal.)
Linux doesn't have to be for nerds only.
- sl: Full Steam Ahead
- CMatrix: Enter the Matrix
- aafire: ASCII Art Fireworks
- oneko: A Playful Desktop Pet
- xeyes: Watch the Eyeballs
- espeak: Let Your Computer Speak Up
- yes: The Ultimate Affirmation
- rig: Generate Virtual Identities
- asciiquarium: Under the Sea
- toilet: Text Art Banners
- Toying With the Linux Terminal
A dispute between a prominent open-source developer and the maker of software used to manage Linux kernel development has forced Linux creator Linus Torvalds to embark on a new software project of his own. The new effort, called "git," began last week after a licensing dispute forced Torvalds to abandon the proprietary BitKeeper software he had used since 2002 to manage Linux kernel development.
The conflict touches on the difference between open-source developers who view Linux's open, collaborative approach as a technically superior way to build software and advocates of free software who see the ability to access and change source code as fundamental freedom.
As a result of the dispute, Torvalds is now working with other Linux developers to create software that can quickly make changes to 17,000 files that make up the Linux kernel, the central component of the Linux operating system. "Git, to some degree, was designed on the principle that everything you ever do on a daily basis should take less than a second," Torvalds said in an e-mail interview.
Reproducible
Nix builds packages in isolation from each other. This ensures that they are reproducible and don't have undeclared dependencies, so if a package works on one machine, it will also work on another.
Declarative
Nix makes it trivial to share development and build environments for your projects, regardless of what programming languages and tools you’re using.
Reliable
Nix ensures that installing or upgrading one package cannot break other packages. It allows you to roll back to previous versions, and ensures that no package is in an inconsistent state during an upgrade.
Use the -prune primary. For example, if you want to exclude ./misc:
find . -path ./misc -prune -o -name '*.txt' -printTo exclude multiple directories, OR them between parentheses.
find . -type d \( -path ./dir1 -o -path ./dir2 -o -path ./dir3 \) -prune -o -name '*.txt' -printAnd, to exclude directories with a specific name at any level, use the -name primary instead of -path.
find . -type d -name node_modules -prune -o -name '*.json' -printThis didn't work for me until I prefixed my local path wih ./, e.g. ./name. This distinction for find might not be obvious to the occasional find user. – sebkraemer
There is clearly some confusion here as to what the preferred syntax for skipping a directory should be.
GNU Opinion
To ignore a directory and the files under it, use -prune
From the GNU find man page
Reasoning
-prune stops find from descending into a directory. Just specifying -not -path will still descend into the skipped directory, but -not -path will be false whenever find tests each file.
Issues with -prune
-prune does what it's intended to, but are still some things you have to take care of when using it.
findprints the pruned directory.
-
TRUE That's intended behavior, it just doesn't descend into it. To avoid printing the directory altogether, use a syntax that logically omits it.
-pruneonly works with -print and no other actions.
-
NOT TRUE.
-pruneworks with any action except-delete. Why doesn't it work with delete? For-deleteto work, find needs to traverse the directory in DFS order, since-deletewill first delete the leaves, then the parents of the leaves, etc... But for specifying-pruneto make sense, find needs to hit a directory and stop descending it, which clearly makes no sense with-depthor-deleteon.
///
My example:
find -s . -path "./C*" -prune -o -name '*' -type d -maxdepth 2 -print
Q:
For example, suppose I want to ls all files that are not js. Probably I would do:
ls ! *.js
But I get errors for my ! operator.
How can I execute mv, rm, and any other operations with the not (!) operator?
A:
In the bash shell, you should enable extglob and run ls !(*.js).
Example:
$ touch file.js file.txt
$ shopt -s extglob
$ ls !(*.js)
file.txtYou need to add it to your ~/.bashrc if you want to set it permanently.
The ls(1) command is pretty good at showing you the attributes of a single file (at least in some cases), but when you ask it for a list of files, there's a huge problem: Unix allows almost any character in a filename, including whitespace, newlines, commas, pipe symbols, and pretty much anything else you'd ever try to use as a delimiter except NUL. There are proposals to try and "fix" this within POSIX, but they won't help in dealing with the current situation (see also how to deal with filenames correctly). In its default mode, if standard output isn't a terminal, ls separates filenames with newlines. This is fine until you have a file with a newline in its name. Since very few implementations of ls allow you to terminate filenames with NUL characters instead of newlines, this leaves us unable to get a list of filenames safely with ls -- at least, not portably.
standard Linux filesystem layout
If you’ve spent any time around UNIX, you’ve no doubt learned to use and appreciate cron, the ubiquitous job scheduler that comes with almost every version of UNIX that exists. Cron is simple and easy to use, and most important, it just works. It sure beats having to remember to run your backups by hand, for example.
But cron does have its limits. Today’s enterprises are larger, more interdependent, and more interconnected than ever before, and cron just hasn’t kept up. These days, virtual servers can spring into existence on demand. There are accounting jobs that have to run after billing jobs have completed, but before the backups run.
Author : Sol Lederman
What Is a Container and How Are Containers Used? A starting point for an exploration of containers and how they’re used is this simple definition: a container is a packaging format for a unit of software that ships together.
A container is a format that encapsulates a set of software and its dependencies, the minimal set of runtime resources the software needs to do its function. A container is a form of virtualization that is similar to a virtual machine (VM) in some ways and different in others. VMs encapsulate functionality in the form of the application platform and its dependencies. The key difference between VMs and containers is that each VM has its own full-sized OS, while containers typically have a more minimal OS.
Author : Greg Bledsoe
“If you build it they will come.” Are freeways built to travel between existing communities, or do communities spring up around freeways? Is this a chicken-and-egg problem, or is there a complex interaction where such things shape each other?
The use of UNIX and Linux security tools raises similar questions. Do people work the way they do because of the tools they have, or do people have the tools they have because of the way they work?
Author: Kyle Rankin
This book explores system administrator fundamentals. These days, DevOps has made even the job title “system administrator” seem a bit archaic, much like the “systems analyst” title it replaced. These DevOps positions are rather different from typical sysadmin jobs in the past in that they have a much larger emphasis on software development far beyond basic shell scripting. As a result, they often are filled with people with software development backgrounds without much prior sys- admin experience. In the past, sysadmins would enter the role at a junior level and be mentored by a senior sysadmin on the team, but in many cases currently, companies go quite a while with cloud outsourcing before their first DevOps hire. As a result, DevOps engineers might be thrust into the role at a junior level with no mentor around apart from search engines and Stack Overflow posts. In this book, I expound on some of the lessons I’ve learned through the years that might be obvious to longtime sysadmins but may be news to someone just coming into this position.
Download PDF
Most filesystems do not maintain a directory of where the hardlinks to a file (or more precisely, to an indode) are.
So you'll have to scan the whole filesystem to find all hardlinks. You can do this using
find -inum <inode number>
GameServer is a TurnKey GNU/Linux appliance for hosting game servers on Linux. It provides a way of deploying game servers in minutes in cloud environments or local VMs.
Automatic installation of gameservers using LinuxGSM. - GitHub - jesinmat/linux-gameservers:
Tool for automatic installation of game servers. Wrapper for LinuxGSM.
Manage Your Game Server Easily With LinuxGSM
The command-line tool for quick, simple deployment and management of Linux dedicated game servers.
all the tags from https://b.plas.ml
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