Japan uses both 50Hz and 60Hz power frequencies due to historical and logistical reasons that date back to the early days of electrification in the country. In the 19th century, early power companies operated locally, leading to the establishment of a dual-frequency system.

Japan’s power grid is divided into two regions: Eastern Japan operates at 50 Hz, while Western Japan operates at 60 Hz. This division originates from the 1880s, when Tokyo imported 50 Hz generators from Germany, while Osaka chose 60 Hz equipment from the United States. //

The Fujigawa River and the southern border of Niigata Prefecture form the boundary between the two frequencies.

Why Do We Say C is Unsafe?

When the C programming language was developed circa 1970, computers had vastly smaller resources. The PDP-11, for example, came with 4KB of memory. Not gigabytes or megabytes – kilobytes. In such an environment, assembler was typically used, and C – sometimes known as “portable assembler” – is a very low-level language. With C, every bit counts, and one of its strengths is producing tight code and small executables, which is why it’s so often used for embedded systems. (Amusingly, what’s considered a “tiny embedded system” in 2026 would be a massive room-sized computer in 1970).

C is a wonderful language, but it comes with some limitations. These reflect the constraints that C was created within, but also the era. Many modern concepts simply hadn’t been invented yet.

Here are some limitations with C.

At the height of the Depression that Democrats call Great because it gave them power for 50 years, Yip Harburg wrote the lyrics to the song Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?

The song is sad but laborers were not the only victims of the worldwide collapse of the economy. Their bosses went broke.

I remember a lawyer friend about two decades ago comparing-and-contrasting Thomas and then-Court-mate and conservative icon – the late Antonin Scalia.

My friend pointed out that when Thomas and Scalia disagreed on a case? Thomas was correct – and Scalia incorrect.

Of course, their disagreeing didn’t happen a whole lot. But when it did? My friend called it: Thomas was right – Scalia was wrong. By that I mean: Thomas’ were the more Constitutional and conservative opinions.

These last 35 years, the real sardonic fun is when Thomas is outvoted on a case X-to-1. (X is usually 8, but there are occasional vacancies and recusals.)

As someone who wants DC to be drastically smaller and less offensive? I feel like an X-to-1 all the time. So I admire Thomas’ perpetual adherence to principle – the popularity of his opinion amongst his colleagues be darned.

Elon Musk’s Grok tells me there have been 52 cases where Thomas was just such a party of one. But I’m not sure if Grok caught last Thursday’s ruling. If not? This is #53…..

SCOTUS Delivers 8-1 Blow to AT&T, Verizon in $100M FCC Case: