Heroes. They encourage us to hope, to trust, to believe, and to achieve. For 50 years, Moody Bible Institute’s Stories of Great Christians informed and inspired listeners with biographies of real people . . . average men and women . . . who were called and equipped by God to show His love to the world. These dramatized, 15-minute stories bring to life 600 years of heroes of the faith. Listeners hear the voices, music, and sound effects of classic radio. They’ll be reintroduced to historic men and women they admired since childhood and meet new heroes whose stories will expand their world and deepen their Christian faith.

WAGO lever nuts are typically used for household electrical - often in place of wire nuts.

They can also be used for splicing or splitting audio lines.

Here is a simple distribution box with WAGO components mounted on a DIN rail:

The WAGO 221-413 lever nuts are mounted on a 221-500 mounting carrier which is mounted in turn on a 222-510 angled DIN-rail adapter.

The end stops on the DIN rail are "DIN Rail Terminal Blocks End Stopper Bracket" (Amazon).

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Welcome Good Old Days subscribers!
Please find below your free downloads. You can click on the links to listen online or RIGHT click and choose “Save As” to download to your desktop:

Classic Radio Club
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Magnetic Tapes

Remember, this transfer that you (or I) are about to undertake may be the last time (and hopefully the best time) that the original is transferred. Here are some suggestions:

1. Make at least two masters and a listening copy. Keep one set of masters off-site. //

2. Make straight transfers before processing. Save these as better noise processing algorithms may be available in the future.

3. Save a good portion of the noise footprint on the tape without other signal information for later noise reduction processing.

4. At first, worry less about a final product than getting a good, clean transfer with as few artifacts as possible.

5. Above all, listen…are you getting the best transfer you think you can?

This checklist is not a complete guideline. It contains only those items that experience and testing show will have an immediate or severe effect on magnetic tape. Failure to adhere to the items on this list may cause premature loss or deterioration of magnetic tapes and should be considered misuse of the medium. These are minimum handling requirements that summarize good practices.

If the restoration/preservation reformatting is for an institutional client, then the first transfers should be as unprocessed as possible — at least the initial copies that are archived should be done that way. The main reason for this is that processing algorithms will always get better and they may hide some information that is useful to future researchers–information that today we consider “noise.”

I am conservative when setting audio levels when making transfers because there is no way of knowing the loudest portion of the signal in advance. So I generally transfer at 24 bits and then raise or normalize the level prior to dithering down to 16 bits for the distribution copy. If I’m working on music, I will generally archive the 88,200 ks/s or 96,000 ks/s files before the normalization.

Processing should generally be done on a copy. The exception to this in my mind are private clients who want the best possible copy of their parents’ wedding, or some other important event. If applied conservatively, noise reduction and equalization will be appreciated by these clients and most of them won’t care a bit that it’s been processed. I keep the unprocessed files on my servers until I am sure the client is happy with the processed version.

As to what to use, there are a wide variety of options available. At the high-end, this falls into the category of “remastering” rather than simple restoration and I’m sure there are options that I’m not aware of.

As a first step, I am very pleased with the basic capabilities built into Samplitude. In addition to that, I use Algorithmix Noise Free Pro as well as the Sound Laundry suite. Really tough projects can often be improved by the filters in Diamond Cut 6 Live/Forensics and most of the filters are available in the lower-priced Diamond Cut 6. Diamond Cut and their main dealer, Tracertek, often run sales which was how I upgraded to Live/Forensics.

Other products with excellent reputations are Cedar Cambridge, Quadriga Audio Cube, and many others. Listening to and discussing with other users via one or more of the mailing lists listed here is very useful.

Often a tape comes in for restoration that has been poorly wound or poorly stored. Here is an example:

cinched tape

One of the interesting things about this particular tape was it had been recently wound on a constant-tension professional machine prior to shipping to me.

We think that the entire tape had not been re-wound, allowing the higher tension wind to compress the inner core slightly, causing this cinching. After transferring the tape (which didn’t show much ill effect for its cinching), we still found it difficult to get the tape to wind smoothly on the reel.

Therefore, our current suggestion is if you find a tape like this, do not rewind it and attempt to clear up the cinching unless you are also ready to transfer the tape, as there are no guarantees that it can be wound better after unwinding.

In 2006, I wrote a blog post (here) called “Let Sleeping Tapes Lie: What to do with poorly wound tapes”. For years, tape experts have been suggesting that it is not as good an idea to rewind tapes as was originally thought. This was partially based on the fact that most rewinding in archives was done on the oldest, junkiest machines so as to not wear out the good machines. Unless rewinding is done on high-quality tape transports, it is indeed counter-productive.

It seems some people new to tape are confused over how to align a tape recorder. This is the abbreviated version.

If you want to record on a tape recorder (and I do not recommend doing that these days as you’re just generating more tapes that will need to be transferred later) the first thing to do is get the playback correct. //

Anyway, I think that quality digital recording will capture sounds closer to the original than analog magnetic tape. This has been true in most tests run since the early days of digital recording and why most of the classical engineers who are looking for accuracy and not colouration were early adopters of digital. If you wish to record on analog that’s wonderful, but consider that analog tape is being used as much as an effect or sound-colourant as it is a storage medium. Also, remember that your legacy of tapes will be much more costly to preserve and migrate than digital files, although they may withstand neglect better.

Samplitude Pro X provides recording and mixing engineers with sophisticated functions and a revolutionary DAW workflow. Edit in real time, during recording. Apply effects in a custom manner to individual clips. Visualize volume, frequency and phase information for selected tracks. Use batch export for automated editing of multiple files at once. Shape your sound – with more detail, efficiency and control.

If other audio CD extraction solutions have left you feeling perplexed, you will love Easy Audio Copy. The application guides you through the process step by step. There are no complex configurations, nor additional components to be downloaded. Everything works straight out of the box! During the extraction process, Easy Audio Copy is able to handle all the necessary decision-making itself. The user is asked only a few questions about their preferences.

• Is Easy Audio Copy as reliable and exact as Exact Audio Copy?
  Yes, Easy Audio Copy is at least as reliable and exact as Exact Audio Copy as they are based on the same extraction methods. Easy Audio Copy benefits from various optimisations which increase extraction speed but ensure the reliability. The main difference is the interface which is much simpler and can be used without any background knowledge of the processes involved.

Exact Audio Copy is a so called audio grabber for audio CDs using standard CD and DVD-ROM drives. The main differences between EAC and most other audio grabbers are :

• It is free (for non-commercial purposes)
• It works with a technology, which reads audio CDs almost perfectly. If there are any errors that can’t be corrected, it will tell you on which time position the (possible) distortion occurred, so you could easily control it with e.g. the media player

With other audio grabbers you usually need to listen to every grabbed wave because they only do jitter correction. Scratched CDs read on CD-ROM drives often produce distortions. But listening to every extracted audio track is a waste of time. Exact Audio Copy conquer these problems by making use of several technologies like multi-reading with verify and AccurateRip.

ere are a list of my picks of free and low-cost software tools. I am sticking with Samplitude Professional for audio and Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Photoshop Lightroom for photo-graphics. The other alternatives, however, are wide open.

The International Association of Sound and Audiovisual Archives (IASA) has released their landmark Guidelines on the Production and Preservation of Digital Audio Objects as a free web (HTML) edition, available here. http://www.iasa-web.org/tc04/audio-preservation

A variety of noise reduction processing was used This processing was a double-ended system where the record processor boosted certain frequencies and portions of the dynamic range while the playback processor provided a complementary reduction of the signal. These systems are generally referred to as companders for compressor-expander. Two different manufacturers of companders achieved high market penetration. Two others did not, but that is not to say that their equipment was not used somewhere. To the best of my knowledge, no one has written a Direct-X-type plug-in for a computer, so you are stuck having to buy the playback processors for each system you wish to reproduce.

At some point, this tape was played on a 1/4-track machine that injected hum onto the left channel. Here’s what the magnetic viewer showed:

At the very top we can see a remnant of the left channel material, then the 120-Hz bars (62.5 mil spacing), then the remainder of the left channel material. In the middle is the guard band and at the bottom, the right channel.