The running slope is to be uniform along a run, although slight variations may occur with certain materials such as concrete. No other changes in level other than the running slope (1:12 maximum) and cross slope (1:48 maximum) are permitted. //

Ramp runs must have a clear width of 36″ minimum (measured between handrails where provided). //

The height of runs is limited (30″ maximum), but there is no limit on the number of runs a ramp may have. //

Intermediate landings between runs must be at least 60″ wide clear and 60″ long clear where ramps change direction (any change from linear). Handrails, edge protection, vertical posts and other elements cannot obstruct or overlap the minimum 60″ by 60″ clearance. //

Handrails are required on both sides of ramps with a rise greater than 6″.

Handrail height of 34-38" consistent along length, 20-28" in play areas. //

Edge protection along ramp runs and landings keep wheelchair casters and crutch tips on the surface and can be provided by curbs, barriers, or extended surfaces.

• Curbs if used must be at least 4″ high.
• Rails or other barriers must prevent passage of a 4″ diameter sphere.
• Vertical pickets used for edge protection must prevent passage of a 4″ diameter sphere.
• Run and landing surfaces that extend at least 12″ beyond the inside face of handrails will provide adequate edge protection by preventing wheelchair casters and crutch tips from slipping off the edge.

What is a “color space?”

Well first you take some colors.

• red
• yellow
• blue

And then you arrange them, however you like, into some kind of space: //

What might a useful color space do? Well, just like the RYB color wheel, maybe it could help us predict how different colors will mix.

And lo, in 1931, an international team of experts got together in England and laid out a color space that does exactly that1. They used science and math. They called themselves the International Commission on Illumination (aka le Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage, aka the CIE), and they called their color space CIE XYZ.

CI-4
Severe-Duty Diesel Engine Service

The CI-4 performance requirements describe oils for use in those high speed, four-stroke cycle diesel engines designed to meet 2004 exhaust emission standards, to be implemented October 2002. These oils are compounded for use in all applications with diesel fuels ranging in sulfur content up to 0.05% by weight

The API SN category is an improvement over the API SM category in the following areas:

• High temperature deposit protection for pistons
• Better sludge control
• Better seal compatibility
• Aftertreatment compatibility

The Flammable Range (also called Explosive Range) is the concentration range of a gas or vapor that will burn (or explode) if an ignition source is introduced.

Three basic requirements must be met for explosion to take place:

1. flammable substance - fuel
2. oxidizer - oxygen or air
3. source of ignition - spark or high heat
   Below the explosive or flammable range the mixture is too lean to burn and above the upper explosive or flammable limit the mixture is too rich to burn. The limits are commonly called the "Lower Explosive or Flammable Limit" (LEL/LFL) and the "Upper Explosive or Flammable Limit" (UEL/UFL).

Filter Media Reference Guide

Filtration Medium Basic Characteristics Discussion