To go along with that recent CETP trial news, here's another one for the "We don't know much about human lipid handing" file. A dietary study originally done back in the 1960s and 1970s has been (almost literally) resurrected, with data pulled out of yellowing stacks of paper, old cardboard boxes, and ancient-format computer tapes.
What it shows is that, under about the most controlled conditions possible in a large human trial (institutionalized patients being served standard meals), that replacing saturated/animal fat in the diet with vegetable-derived fats and oils provided. . .no cardiovascular benefit whatsoever. In fact, the lower the cholesterol levels of the patients, the higher their death rates. This was in over 9,000 subjects over five years, probably the largest study of its kind ever conducted, and it had only produced one (not very thorough) paper in 1989 that didn't make much of an impression. ///

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One Y2K remediation I worked on had systems from the 1960s -- crucial systems that ran the whole show.

We easily (for some definitions of the word) fixed their 1980s and 1990s stuff that used 2-digit years.

But we did not touch the 1960s and 1970s stuff that had a specialised date storage format. It was 16-bit dates. 7 bits for year. 9 bits for day of year.

It was too assemblery, too unstructured, too ancient.

And, anyway, 9-bit year counting from 1900 (as they did) was good until the unimaginably far future.

The unimaginably far future is nearly with us: 1900 + 127 = 2027.

I am waiting for the phone to ring so I can apologise, - and quote them an unimaginably large number to finish the job.

In a separate opinion, justice Kenneth Lee accused California of misleading residents in smaller counties — where the open-carry ban does not apply — about how they can lawfully carry firearms. “Our constitutional rights,” Lee wrote, “should not hinge on a Where’s Waldo quiz,” The Hill reported.

The Big Apple firefighter’s union is steaming mad over the sudden discovery of 68 boxes of Ground Zero health data following the Sept. 11, 2001 terror attacks — files they were told never existed.

The recently surfaced boxes contain thousands of pages of information on possible toxins at the Lower Manhattan site that union members said could be used to add new ailments to the list of covered 9/11-related illnesses.

Some 343 FDNY firefighters lost their lives at the World Trade Center site on 9/11 with hundreds more having lost their lives since from health-related maladies.

“They should have used that evidence and those tests to prepare for the long term health care of the people that were down there,” Andrew Ansbro, president of the FDNY United Firefighters Association said at a press conference Monday. “The decision they made was to just hide it. //

The FDNY and advocates for other first-responders have been battling for years to get more data on possible toxins at the Lower Manhattan site, which has killed about 400 people since the attacks.

McCullough says that it was Washington and his army that won the war for American independence. “He was not a brilliant strategist or tactician, not a gifted orator, not an intellectual. At several crucial moments he had shown marked indecisiveness. He had made serious mistakes in judgment. But experience had been his great teacher from boyhood, and in this his greatest test, he learned steadily from experience. Above all, Washington never forgot what was at stake and he never gave up.” Without Washington, there would be no America.

There are many things to celebrate during our nation’s semiquincentennial celebrations, and many men to honor for their part in our country’s birth: Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, Benjamin Franklin, and John Hancock among them. But no one looms larger than George Washington, who today seems almost mythical. At Washington’s funeral, Henry “Light-Horse Harry” Lee famously eulogized Washington as, “first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen.” In 2026, it is our duty to ensure that honorific remains as true as when it was first spoken.

After some time, the VAX crashed. It was on a service contract, and Digital was called. Laura Creighton was not called although she was on the short list of people who were supposed to be called in case of problem. The Digital Field Service engineer came in, removed the disk from the drive, figured it was then okay to remove the tape and make the drive writeable, and proceeded to put a scratch disk into the drive and run diagnostics which wrote to that drive.

Well, diagnostics for disk drives are designed to shake up the equipment. But monkey brains are not designed to handle the electrical signals they received. You can imagine the convulsions that resulted. Two of the monkeys were stunned, and three died. The Digital engineer needed to be calmed down; he was going to call the Humane Society. This became known as the Great Dead Monkey Project, and it leads of course to the aphorism I use as my motto: You should not conduct tests while valuable monkeys are connected, so "Always mount a scratch monkey."

Laura Creighton points out that although this is told as a gruesomely amusing story, three monkeys did lose their lives, and there are lessons to be learned in treatment of animals and risk management. Particularly, the sign on the disk drive should have explained why the drive should never have been enabled for write access.

Any gas can be converted into a liquid by simple compression, unless its temperature is below critical. Therefore, the division of substances into liquids and gases is largely conditional. The substances that we are used to considering as gases simply have very low critical temperatures and therefore cannot be in a liquid state at temperatures close to room temperature. On the contrary, the substances we classify as liquids have high critical temperatures (see table in §
).

All gases that make up the air (except carbon dioxide) have low critical temperatures. Their liquefaction therefore requires deep cooling.

There are many types of machines for producing liquid gases, in particular liquid air.
In modern industrial plants, significant cooling and liquefaction of gases is achieved by expansion under thermal insulation conditions.

A pizza place near the Pentagon received an unusual rush in orders just an hour after the US launched its attack on Venezuela. //

That would be 3 a.m. in Caracas, one hour after the US rained down airstrikes on the capital city that lasted less than 30 minutes. //

The Pentagon Pizza theory follows pizza orders surrounding the Pentagon, speculating that an increase in late nights orders for federal agents corresponds with major historical events.

In the past 20 years, there have been only nine anthrax cases in the US.

However, B. anthracis is part of the larger Bacillus cereus group, which also includes B. cereus and B. tropicus, a newly recognized species. And these species can also carry and produce anthrax toxins. Both can be found in soils, and B. cereus is considered ubiquitous in the environment.

In 2022, CDC researchers found an unexpected pattern. Since 1997, there had been seven cases of infections from Bacillus group bacteria producing the anthrax toxin—all in metalworkers. Six of the seven were welders, hence the term “welder’s anthrax,” with the remaining case in a person working in a foundry grinding metal. Of the six cases where a specific Bacillus species was identified, B. tropicus was the culprit, including in the newly reported case.

Speculating risks
It’s unclear why metalworkers, and welders specifically, are uniquely vulnerable to this infection. In their 2022 report making the connection, CDC experts speculated that it may be a combination of having weakened immune responses in the lungs after inhaling toxic metal fumes and gases created during metalwork, and having increased exposure to the deadly germs in their workplaces. //

Environmental sampling of his workplace found anthrax-toxin-producing Bacillus in 28 of 254 spot samples. //

The experts also speculated that iron exposure could play a role. Bacillus bacteria need iron to live and thrive, and metalworkers can build up excess iron levels in their respiratory system during their work. Iron overload could create the perfect environment for bacterial infection. In the teen’s case, he was working with carbon steel and low-hydrogen carbon steel electrodes.

For now, the precise risk factors and why the healthy teen—and not anyone else in his workplace—fell ill remain unknown. CDC and state officials recommended changes to the workplace to protect metalworkers’ health, including better use of respirators, ventilation, and dust control.