Tldr: Boot into safe mode, and restart. Voila.

I cloned my 970 Evo Plus to a 990 Pro Put the 990 in place of the 970 and moved the latter to another m.2 slot. Cloned with clonezilla. Booted into windows, but it seemingly booted onto the 970, as it said the 990 had a "collision" (of ids). So, after that I took out the 970.... Got this error. Fix was to boot into safe mode, and it magically worked.